Fashion History Essay - 1345 Words

Introduction Historically, multiple styles of dressing have been created during the last several decades, which played an important role in modern fashion in the UK. Everyone has a different and unique dressing style in their general life. Some styles are influenced in vintage styles which is attributing to the deep effects of old vogue, and another group of dressing styles are inclined into the fresh element. According to those different styles some of them are even evolved in the milestones in fashion history. To start this essay, it will introduce the evaluation of the first significant revolution of dressing style in 1960s. A famous designer called Mary Quant created mini-skirts and it becomes the most popular fashion style†¦show more content†¦For example the waistless chemise and schoolgirl pinafores occupied people’s eyes (Palmer and Clark., 2005) at that time. After this kind of dressing design appeared, women look more confident when they were it on and this kind of dress can fully exhibit women’s body. The matching colors and cutting patterns were also vital elements to attract people visual feeling. What is more applying the purely colors or contracting colors were a key foundation in the 60s style; such as white and black, red and green and yellow and pink (Palmer and Clark., 2005). Most importantly, OP-art fabrics were considered famous and typical material; in addition, vinyl and wet-look was also the high of cool in the 60s (Tolkien., 2002). As the hot fashion background during the 1960s, people cannot ignore a talented fashion designer, Mary Quant. She changed the dressing style of this decade and created the famous mini-skirt. It soon became the most popular product in the summer of 1960 (Tolkien., 2002). Most importantly, she improved and created the dressing styles of 1960 and women’s dresses have become sexier and more outrageous. In fact, Palmer and Clark(2005) mentioned that she did not directly admit that she created mini-skirts â€Å"I just copied them form the girls in the stress and there was something in the air† Supplely, Mary Quant was an art student and did not have any background in fashion. She studiedShow MoreRelated History of Fashion Essay638 Words   |  3 Pages History of Fashion Fashion has changed a great deal over the past three centuries. As history changes it seems that fashion in some aspect changes with it to adapt to the era. Even today fashion continues to change as the years go on. Looking at fashion even 20 years ago we can see a difference from what we see in our everyday lives. For the purpose of this essay Fashion will be divided into three centuries, since not every era of clothing can be touched upon. The first era of fashion historyRead MoreThe History of the Fashion Store Zara2181 Words   |  9 Pageslargest fashion distributors, has eight major sales formats - Zara, Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home y Kiddys Class- with 3.147 stores in 70 countries around the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inditex Group is comprised of over one hundred companies associated in textile design, manufacturing and distribution. 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History offers invaluable inspiration for contemporary designers, helping to develop and inform ideas. Exploration of history creates a context to work within and build concepts from, helping to add value and vigour. In this essay I will explore and explain how designers have used the past to inform their work, whether an expression of political, social, or traditionalRead MoreFashion History2131 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction What is fashion? Fashion is something we deal with everyday. Even people who say they dont care what they wear choose clothes every morning that say a lot about them and how they feel that day. One certain thing in the fashion world is change. We are constantly being bombarded with new fashion ideas from music, videos, books, and television. Movies also have a big impact on what people wear. Ray-Ban sold more sunglasses after the movie Men In Black. Sometimes a trend is world ­wideRead MoreFashion Throughout History965 Words   |  4 Pages​Throughout history, fashion has been the gateway for self-expression. With fashion, people have been able to highlight their culture, social class, and emotion. Through the passing of time alternative materials have surfaced to take the place of killing animals for fashion purposes. While animal rights groups such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and Animal Liberation argue against the killing of animals for fashion, opposing views point to the personal, physical, and economicRead MoreHistory of Philippine Fashion1773 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction For several centuries, during the colonial period, the Philippines has been severely immersed in foreign influences particularly by Spain, Japan and America. Consequently their culture, lifestyle, customs and fashion sense has been mainly defined by influences from these countries as well. However, before the colonization, Philippines has yet to establish its own identity; thus what became the Philippines’ foundation for instituting their nationalistic character was basically coloniallyRead MoreHistory And Traditions Of Egyptian Fashion3371 Words   |  14 PagesAncient Egypt was at its peek in fashion and developed many clothing and accessories that aided them for survival that is still seen in todays culture. When referring to Egypt, it is said that the word Egypt evokes the name of three women as if by magic: Hatshepsut, Nefertiti and Cleopatra. Although these women are from different generations and times, the three of them all represent the history and traditions of Egyptian fashion. Mila Contini, author of Fashion: From Ancient Egypt to the PresentRead MoreHistory And Background Of The Apparel / Fashion Industry1560 Words   |  7 PagesHistory and Background In 1981, the Marciano brothers arrived in Los Angeles and opened a clothing store. 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The achievements of the company and the uniqueness of its mana gement model, which is based on innovation and flexibility, made Inditex one of the largest fashion distribution

Prerequisite for comprehensive revelations in biotechnology patent application - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2478 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? PREREQUISITE FOR COMPREHENSIVE REVELATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY PATENT APPLICATION INTRODUCTION A patent is a monopoly right that has been granted to a person who has invented a new and useful article; or an improvement to an existing one or a new process of making an article. The patent consists of an exclusive right to manufacture the new invented or manufactured article according to the invented procedure for a period of limited period that is a period of 20 years in accordance to Indian Patent Act of 1970. An invention may be granted patents only when its core pre-requites of novelty, inventive step and capability of the invention in industrial applicability is met. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Prerequisite for comprehensive revelations in biotechnology patent application" essay for you Create order The variance and disputes in the process of patenting products related to biotechnology ascend because the conception of patent law was made to placate the requirements of industrial technology. However, the initiation of biotechnology compelled the patent laws to be more aptly reformed to match the prerequisites of science and technology. The traditional concepts with regards to application for patents and other formalities were reformed to accommodate to the innovations made in the field of biotechnology. The three universally criteria of patentability are novelty, non – obviousness and industrial application or utility. These apply to all inventions including biotechnological inventions.[1] Nevertheless, patenting life or living beings is challenging because it is doubtful whether the patent protection will be granted to living matters. Bio technology inventions are difficult to describe. There is an ambiguity in considering biotechnology as an invention or as a discovery.[ 2] Hence it was realized that the requirements of the traditional patent law are not enough to test the patentability of the bio technological inventions due to the inherent complexities and technicalities. To overcome these issues, a solution was formulated in the form of deposits of the invention in any recognized depositories. The Budapest treaty recognizes international depositories where inventions relating to living matters may be deposited and maintained for the purpose of patent protection, and further it may be accompanied for patent application for further approval. The essential requirements that bio technological inventions for being granted patent require the subject matter to be patentable. The invention must have novelty and it must be non-obvious. Along with the above criteria, the parent must have some industrial utility. In addition to the above, in cases of biotechnological patents, there must be a written description of disclosure of the invention and the inventi on must be deposited in any recognized depositories.[3] NEED FOR COMPLETE DISCLOSURE The crucial document in the whole process of securing and relying upon a patent is the specification.[4] The description must be such that it must clearly allow the persons of ordinary skill in the art to recognize that the inventor invented what it has claimed.[5] Enablement i.e., how to be made and how to be used is a need for the patent practisers. The method of making an enabling disclosure is amply illustrated by the Indian Patent Act which provides that every specification shall fully and particularly describe the invention and is operation or use and the method by which it is to be performed. Section 64 of the Indian Patent Act, 1970 deals with revocation of a patent application on grounds of incomplete disclosure. Determining the insufficiency of the disclosure requires consideration of the particular invention, nature and state of development of the prior art, knowledge, kinds and deg ree of skills and experience of one killed in the art.[6] Best Mode: the Indian parent law requires an applicant for patent to set forth the best mode which beans the best experiments with the best conditions giving the best possible yield.[7] This disclosure is directed to those skilled in the art and once must consider the level of skill in the relavant art in determining whether a specification discloses the best mode or not. Budapest Treatyof 1977: this treaty was entered by states for the international recognition of the deposit of micro organisms for patent procedure.[8] Subsequent to the requirement of the TRIPS agreement, the indian patent act has been amended providing that, in the case of a mentioning of a biological material in the specification which may not be described in such a way as to satisfy the requirements for a specification, the application shall be completed by depositing the material in an International Depository Authority under the Budapest Treaty. T he same has been mentioned as a proviso (ii) to Section 10 sub clause (4). WRITTEN FORM OF DESCRIPTION An invention must be described in a written form. This is a necessary condition to be satisfied for the grant of patent. In addition to fulfilling the requirements such as novelty, non – obviousness and industrial application, an inventor must sufficiently disclose the invention known to the inventor.[9] The written description shall provide for details of the invention, in a complete, clear and concise manner and shall disclose the best mode of processing, making and using the invention to enable a person skilled in the art to utilize the invention. In general terms, the requirement is to disclose ‘how to make’ the invention and ‘how to use the invention’.[10] The requirement of written description of the invention serves the purpose of evaluating the inventor whether he does possess the invention at the time of filing the patent application. Written description is a public notice that the inventor possesses the invention. [11] The development of law relating to written description requirement is of recent origin. The requirement of written description was historically not well delineated. ***** It has recently come to represent a heightening of the patentability bar with respect to bio technology inventions. For many years the requirement was interpreted to mean description to enable a person skilled in the art to practice. With the advent of bio technology, patent offices and law courts started interpreting the requirement of written description stringently to check the scope of inventions of biotechnology. The requirement of written description is strictly imposed in order to confine and limit the scope of the invention to what is described in the application.[12] APPLICABILITY OF INDIAN PATENT ACT India is no different as far as written description of biotechnology inventions is concerned. The patents act stat es that the patent application shall be accompanied by the complete specification or provisional specification of the invention. The application must be accompanied by provisional or complete specification.[13]The patent act of 1970 deals with the patents that are claimed within the territory of India. Section 10[14] of the Patents Act, 1970 deals with clear and complete disclosure of the product or invention. Section 10(4) (a)[15] of the Act exemplifies the enablement and the requirements for written descriptions and on the other hand, section 10(4) (b)[16] emphasis that the applicant shall disclose the invention on the basis of the best mode of performing of the invention. The specification must describe the invention, its operation or use with the help of drawings if necessary. If the applicant does not give complete specification of the invention at the time of filing the application, he can file the complete specification within 12 months there after filing of the application. Further, the specification must disclose the best mode performing the invention, which is known to the applicant[17]. In case of claiming the priority of an application filed earlier, priority shall be given only when the earlier application does not give the complete specification of the invention to enable a person skilled in the art to practice the invention in the best possible way. [18] Further, the specification shall define the scope of the claimed invention with claim or claims on the invention. The patent act was amended latest by 2005 keeping in mind the necessity of deposit of invention in case of biotechnology patents. The amendment recognized Budapest treaty of 1977for facilitating the deposit of biotechnology inventions for the sake of patent procedure. [19] A biotechnology patent application must be accompanied by a deposit of the invention in any recognized depository as recognized by the government of India through notification in the official gazette. The name a nd address of the depository and the date of deposit shall be mentioned in the application. Further, the access number issues to the deposited invention shall also be mentioned in the application. There is no case law development with regard to the fulfilment of written description requirement by biotechnology inventions in India. Since the biotechnology industry is an infant stage in India and only since 2005 India is granting patents on biotechnology invention, there is no substantiate development of law in this regard. However, the disclosure of the invention through specification while making the patent application is a prerequisite for the grant of patent. In contrast to the patent law of the United States of America and of the European Union, the Indian Patents Act mandates the disclosure of source and geographic origin of the biological material used in producing the claimed biotechnology invention. The bio diversity act, 2001 read the claimed biotechnology invention shall be disclosed and mentioned in the patent protection application to share the benefits of the patents to the geographical regions which conserved the resource. The TRIPS agreement does not require the mentioning of the origin of the resources. However, the convention on the biological diversity states that the origin of the biological resources used shall be acknowledged and the geographical regions shall be given a share in the benefits of such usage. In fact, it is a crucial issue where the CBD and the TRIPS do contradict. However, having ratified both the agreement, India does provide in its patents laws that the patent application claiming a biotechnology invention is complete only when it discloses the source of the resourced used. Written description of the invention is a core principle of patent law. An invention shall be described in a clear and comprehensive manner in order to enable a killed person in the art to practise the invention. The requirement of written descrip tion has been applied to biotechnological invention in varied forms. In case of biotechnological invention the written description has to furnish the chemical and physical properties of the invention along with its structure and sequences. However, in every case, it is not possible to describe a biotechnological invention in a clear and comprehensive manner. Due to the fact that biotechnological inventions are living beings it may not always be possible to describe the invention as required under the patent laws. So the practice of depositing the claimed invention has been adopted to satisfy the written description requirement. It is accepted that the deposit of deposit of the invention fulfils the requirement of a written description. A deposit of the invention serves as an additional security to the inventor in claiming the patent and also helps in rebutting claims of invalidity against the patent. A biotechnology invention, which satisfies the requirements of novelty, non-obvi ousness, utility and written description is patentable provided that the invention falls within the range of matters which are patentable. The patent law states that a biotechnology invention, which is not a patentable subject matter, cannot be patented though it may satisfy the requirements of patentability. It is a settled principle in the patent law that a bio technology invention is patentable only when it does fall within the purview of patentable subject matter. Difficulties arise in determining the novelty and non-obviousness of biotechnology inventions. The fact that biotechnology inventions are living beings which are manipulated from their earlier position of natural existence to possess certain desired characteristics to give rise to certain difficulties. As per the present patent law it is believed that things or living beings existing in nature are products of nature, which are not patentable. It is also believed that addition of human ingenuity to these products of nat ure renders then product of man. Therefore, the difference between products of nature and products of man and the point from where a product of nature becomes a product of man are very significant in deciding the novelty and non-obviousness of biotechnology inventions. However, the utility of biotechnology inventions is undisputed. Further, the satisfaction of the requirement of written description is also problematic in case of biotechnology inventions. It is felt that it may not be possible to describe a biotechnology invention in a clear and complete manner. Therefore, difficulty arises in satisfying the requirement of written description. CONCLUSION In order to compensate the non-fulfilment of written description requirement deposit of the invention is recommended. It is believed that deposit of the invention serves the purpose of describing the invention in order to enable the person skilled in the art to practice the invention in the best possible way[20]. With the comin g into being of the TRIPS agreement throughout the world patent laws have been harmonized. Now in all the member states of the TRIPS agreement, the requirements of patentability of biotechnology inventions are uniform. Therefore, a biotechnology invention satisfying the requirements of novelty, non – obviousness, industrial application and written description or deposit of the invention is patentable throughout the world. REFERENCES: Dr. Sreenivasulu, N.S. and Dr. Raju C.B.; Biotechnology and Patent Law – Patenting of Living Beings; 1st Edition 2008; Manupatra Albany Law Journa of science and technology; David Kelly; ‘ The federal circuit transforms the written description requirement into a biotech – specific hurdle to obtaining patent protection for bio technology patents;† 2002 TRIPS Agreement Elizabeth Verkey; Law of Patent; 2nd Edition; eastern book company. [1] Jayashree Watal, Intellectual Property Rights in the World Trade Organization and Developing countries, New Delhi; Oxford University Press; Published on 2001, 3rd Impression 2002; Page No. 132. [2] M.S. Swaminathan. An introduction to guiding principles in the decisions on patent law, Delhi; Bhari Brothers, 2000 pg: 331 [3] Budapest Treaty of 1977 provides for the establishment and recognition of international depositories to deposit inventions of life forms and other bio technological inventions for the grant of patent along with patent application. [4] Lord Hatherley in Arnold vs. Bradbury (1871) 6 Ch App 706 [5] Vas-cath inc. vs. D. Mahukar (935 F 2d 1555) (Fed Cir 1991) [6] A.B. Dick Co. vs. Barnett [288 Fed 799(2nd Cir 1923)] [7] Supra Note 9 [8] Art 1, Budapest treaty [9]TRIPS agreement: Article 29 – Conditions on patent applicant. [10] Albany Law Journa of science and technology; David Kelly; ‘ The federal circuit transforms the written description requirement into a biotech – specific hurdle to obtaining patent protection for bio technology patents;† 2002 [11] Patentability of Bio technology Pg. 105 [12] The later claim over and above the earlier claim will not receive the benefit of the earlier filing date. [13] The patent act stands amended latest by 2005. Section 9: Provisional and complete specification. [14] Section 10 of Indian Patent Act, 1970 – Contents of Specifications. [15] 10.Contents of specifications (4) Every complete specification shall- (a) fully and particularly describe the invention and its operation or use and the method by which it is to be performed; [16] 10.Contents of specifications (4) Every complete specification shall- (b) disclose the best method of performing the invention which is known to the applicant and for which he is entitled to claim protection; [17] ibid [18] Section 11 [19] Patent Amendment Act 2002 [20] Electric and Musical Industries Ltd. Vs. Lissen Ltd. (1939) 56 RPC 23

in school suspension - 8340 Words

Volume 18 âÅ" ¤ Number 1 âÅ" ¤ Fall 2006 âÅ" ¤ pp. 82–114 Relationships Between Implementing Character Education, Student Behavior, and Student Achievement o Gary Skaggs Nancy Bodenhorn Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University One of the requirements of the Department of Education, through the No Child Left Behind Act, is to conduct rigorous, experimental design studies showing the impact and results of educational endeavors. Character education (CE), while widely implemented in schools nationwide, has not been widely researched using comparative studies. Studies have been conducted, indicating positive student development resulting from CE programs or programs that provide a desirable CE environment (Harrington,†¦show more content†¦Some programs target specific aspects of character development, such as bullying, communication skills, or community building, while others are more comprehensive. The current trend in character education practice involves an emphasis on similarities rather than differences; a balance of moral reasoning skills and establishing behavioral habits; a balance of focus on the responsibilities of the individual and the community; an inclusion of cognitive, affective, and be havioral dimensions; and an expectation for educators to serve as role models for students (Williams, 2000). DeRoche and Williams (2001) reviewed effective CE programs and found the following common components: vision, standards, expectations, implementation criteria, leadership, resources, training, partnerships, and assessment. 84 Journal of Advanced Academics Skaggs Bodenhorn This study grew out of an evaluation of CE programs initiated in 5 public school districts in a state in the eastern United States. The evaluation resulted from a U.S. Department of Education (DOE) grant to assist states in implementing new CE programs or supplementing existing CE programs. The grant project was called the Partnership in Character Education and was comprised of the state department of education and 5 school districts, referred to asShow MoreRelatedSchool Suspensions And Its Effect On High School And Post Secondary Attainment Gaps2257 Words   |  10 Pagesexamines out-of-school suspensions in the 9th grade and their effect on high school and post-secondary outcomes. This analyses also examines demographic disparities in school suspensions, their relationship to poverty and their contribution to high school graduation and post-secondary attainment gaps. (b) Data from a longitudinal study that followed a cohort of 205,337 Florida students as 9th graders in 2000-01 through 2007-08 (post-secondary) was used. 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In the 2009-2010 school year, 52.3 percent of Black students and 64.8 percent of Black males enrolled in K-12 schools in HPS faced suspension or expulsion at least once compared to only 16.3 percentRead MoreQuestions On The s Knot970 Words   |  4 PagesIssues in school system Gidion’s knot is a play about two characters: Corryn, who is Gidion’s mother, and Heather, who is Gidion’s teacher. After Gidion committed suicide at home, Corryn attended the school conference with Heather about her son’s suspicion. They talked about Gidion’s school life, including his friends as well as his behavior at school. It is obvious that Corryn was radical through the conversation with Heather. Gidion’s knot exposed some issues that exist in nowadays school systemsRead MoreZero Tolerance Laws Are Unfair The Author Talks1384 Words   |  6 Pageswas suspended for â€Å"dealing drugs†. Zero-tolerance policies are to blame. Zero-tolerance policies started to become mainstream in the mid-1990’s in an effort to get students who brought either drugs, guns or alcohol to school suspended or expelled. â€Å"A zero tolerance policy is a school or district policy that mandates predetermined consequences or punishments for specific offenses that are intended to be applied regardless of the seriousness of the behavior, mitigating circumstances, or situationalRead MoreRacial Disparities Of Black Students1542 Words   |  7 Pagesdisproportion of black student’s suspension in schools compared to white students (Skiba et al., 2000; Skiba et al., 2002; Wald and Losen, 2003; Welsh and Payne, 2010; Kinsler, 2011; Wright et al., 2014). Recently, the Department of Education Office for Civil Rights (2014) study reveale d that black students were three times more likely to be suspend and 3.5 times more likely than their white peers to be expelled. In the studies conducted, racial gaps in suspension rates are persistently found andRead MoreThe Behavior Problems Happening On Middle School Campuses Essay1071 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The discipline has always been vital for the public schools that function properly. I believe that discipline is necessary for pupils to learn and that teachers are expected to establish and maintain schools that are known well-disciplined. Parents, educators, and community members have an expectation that student’s learning should be conducted in a safe and positive school environment. There are many serious incidents happening on school campuses such as assaults, rapes, drug, and crime in generalRead MoreWriting A New Revised Op Ed Essay1081 Words   |  5 Pages(19 hours ago) to me How to eat and elephant and build a village The school-to-prison pipeline is an enormous elephant. It has many sides. A front, back, top, bottom, and all the in-between parts. It is so huge and strong that it is simply overwhelming. How do you eat an enormous, overwhelming elephant you ask? One.Bite.at.a.Time. The first bite is called public school suspension and expulsion. These aggressive school discipline policies impact our most vulnerable children as they enter rightRead MoreThe Theory Of Preschool Teachers Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pageselementary schools in Metro Nashville, Davidson County, Wilson County, and Williamson County. These school districts were selected because of their locations in both rural and urban areas. Target numbers for teacher involvement are n=100 because this is a number of participants that is often achieved in teacher professional development studies with similar designs (CITE). Particular schools will be recruited by selecting underserved school districts that have comparatively high rates of suspensions or expulsions

A Brief Opening Of The Dirt Patch, Llc. - 1669 Words

Business Law I (MGMT235 -1602A -02) Instructor: Leslie Cooper-Blood Unit 4- Business Organizations Regulation Amanda Kranning April , 2016 Introduction of Proposed Business With the increase in demand for healthier alternatives than processed foods, I am happy to announce the opening of The Dirt Patch, LLC in Indiana. During this new and exciting time, my partners Robert Peters, Larry and Vicky Reynolds and I, Amanda Kranning, plan to open a year round produce market providing locally grown and organic foods for our community. Within our rural area, we have obtained 1 acre of land to which we will set up a bricks and motor vegetable store. We aim to grow spring and summer vegetables on the land while continuing them in a†¦show more content†¦The Business Entity A Limited Liability Company (LLC), as the name states, has the ability in keeping your liability limited as a professional owner. This is fundamental in protecting your personal assets by separating them from your business assets. In choosing to run a LLC company, we have agreed that a manager-managed business would be conducive to our field of industry. Although one person will have the authority in overseeing the daily tasks of running the business, all non-managing members will still have an input in all decisions in regards to the enterprise. Contract negotiations and employment are just a few of the joint duties of all members. Running an LLC has many advantages like flexibility, limited liability in business related debts, pass-through taxes, and reliability standing. However, with perks there are always some downfalls, such disadvantages consists of being subjected to self-employment tax or if a member departs the LLC ceases to exist, although an Operating Agreement can re verse this challenge. As you can see, running an LLC has more pros, out weighing the cons of such companies. Startup Steps When starting an LLC in the state of Indiana, there are six steps to ensure that your business is legally ready to operate within the guidelines. As per Indiana Code 23-18-2-41, a company must: (IN.gov, 2015). 1. Choose a Name for Your LLC Under Indiana law, an LLC name must contain as the last words, Limited Liability

Foriegn Direct Investment Free Essays

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) FDI or Foreign Direct Investment is any form of investment that earns interest in enterprises which function outside of the domestic territory of the investor. Foreign direct investment is that investment, which is made to serve the business interests of the investor in a company, which is in a different nation distinct from the investor’s country of origin Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment One of the advantages of foreign direct investment is that it helps in the economic development of the particular country where the investment is being made. This is especially applicable for the economically developing countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Foriegn Direct Investment or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the decade of the 90s foreign direct investment was one of the major external sources of financing for most of the countries that were growing from an economic perspective. It has also been observed that foreign direct investment has helped several countries when they have faced economic hardships. Foreign direct investment also permits the transfer of technologies. This is done basically in the way of provision of capital inputs. The importance of this factor lies in the fact that this transfer of technologies cannot be accomplished by way of trading of goods and services as well as investment of financial resources. It also assists in the promotion of the competition within the local input market of a country. The countries that get foreign direct investment from another country can also develop the human capital resources by getting their employees to receive training on the operations of a particular business. The profits that are generated by the foreign direct investments that are made in that country can be used for the purpose of making contributions to the revenues of corporate taxes of the recipient country. Foreign direct investment helps in the creation of new jobs in a particular country. It also helps in increasing the salaries of the workers. This enables them to get access to a better lifestyle and more facilities in life. It has normally been observed that foreign direct investment allows for the development of the manufacturing sector of the recipient country. Foreign direct investment can also bring in advanced technology and skill set in a country. There is also some scope for new research activities being undertaken. Foreign direct investment assists in increasing the income that is generated through revenues realized through taxation. It also plays a crucial role in the context of rise in the productivity of the host countries. In case of countries that make foreign direct investment in other countries this process has positive impact as well. In case of these countries, their companies get an opportunity to explore newer markets and thereby generate more income and profits. It also opens up the export window that allows these countries the opportunity to cash in on their superior technological resources. It has also been observed that as a result of receiving foreign direct investment from other countries, it has been possible for the recipient countries to keep their rates of interest at a lower level. It becomes easier for the business entities to borrow finance at lesser rates of interest. The biggest beneficiaries of these facilities are the small and medium-sized business enterprises. How to cite Foriegn Direct Investment, Papers

Dissabiliteis Essay Example For Students

Dissabiliteis Essay INTER-AMERICAN CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST PERSONS WITH DISABILITIESARTICLE I For the purposes of this Convention, the following terms are defined: 1. Disability The term disability means a physical, mental, or sensory impairment, whether permanent or temporary, that limits the capacity to perform one or more essential activities of daily life, and which can be caused or aggravated by the economic and social environment. 2. Discrimination against persons with disabilities a) The term discrimination against persons with disabilities means any distinction, exclusion, or restriction based on a disability, record of disability, condition resulting from a previous disability, or perception of disability, whether present or past, which has the effect or objective of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise by a person with a disability of his or her human rights and fundamental freedoms. b) A distinction or preference adopted by a state party to promote the social integration or personal development of persons with disabilities does not constitute discrimination provided that the distinction or preference does not in itself limit the right of persons with disabilities to equality and that individuals with disabilities are not forced to accept such distinction or preference. If, under a states internal law, a person can be declared legally incompetent, when necessary and appropriate for his or her well-being, such declaration does not constitute discrimination. ARTICLE II The objectives of this Convention are to prevent and eliminate all forms of discrimination against persons with disabilities and to promote their full integration into society. ARTICLE III To achieve the objectives of this Convention, the states parties undertake: 1. To adopt the legislative, social, educational, labor-related, or any other measures needed to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities and to promote their full integration into society, including, but not limited to: a) Measures to eliminate discrimination gradually and to promote integration by government authorities and/or private entities in providing or making available goods, services, facilities, programs, and activities such as employment, transportation, communications, housing, recreation, education, sports, law enforcement and administration of justice, and political and administrative activities; b) Measures to ensure that new buildings, vehicles, and facilities constructed or manufactured within their respective territories facilitate transportation, communications, and access by persons with disabilities; c) Measures to eliminate, to the extent possible, architectural, transportation, and communication obstacles to facilitate access and use by persons with disabilities; and d) Measures to ensure that persons responsible for applying this Convention and domestic law in this area are trained to do so. 2. To work on a prior ity basis in the following areas: a) Prevention of all forms of preventable disabilities; b) Early detection and intervention, treatment, rehabilitation, education, job training, and the provision of comprehensive services to ensure the optimal level of independence and quality of life for persons with disabilities; and c) Increasing of public awareness through educational campaigns aimed at eliminating prejudices, stereotypes, and other attitudes that jeopardize the right of persons to live as equals, thus promoting respect for and coexistence with persons with disabilities; ARTICLE IV To achieve the objectives of this Convention, the states parties undertake to: 1. Cooperate with one another in helping to prevent and eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities; 2. Collaborate effectively in: a) Scientific and technological research related to the prevention of disabilities and to the treatment, rehabilitation, and integration into society of persons with disabilitie s; and b) The development of means and resources designed to facilitate or promote the independence, self-sufficiency, and total integration into society of persons with disabilities, under conditions of equality. ARTICLE V 1. To the extent that it is consistent with their respective internal laws, the states parties shall promote participation by representatives of organizations of persons with disabilities, nongovernmental organizations working in this area, or, if such organizations do not exist, persons with disabilities, in the development, execution, and evaluation of measures and policies to implement this Convention. 2. The states parties shall create effective communication channels to disseminate among the public and private organizations working with persons with disabilities the normative and juridical advances that may be achieved in order to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities. ARTICLE VI 1. To follow up on the commitments undertaken in this Conv ention, a Committee for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities, composed of one representative appointed by each state party, shall be established. 2. The committee shall hold its first meeting within the 90 days following the deposit of the 11th instrument of ratification. Said meeting shall be convened by the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States and shall be held at the Organizations headquarters, unless a state party offers to host it. 3. At the first meeting, the states parties undertake to submit a report to the Secretary General of the Organization for transmission to the Committee so that it may be examined and reviewed. Thereafter, reports shall be submitted every four years. 4. The reports prepared under the previous paragraph shall include information on measures adopted by the member states pursuant to this Convention and on any progress made by the states parties in eliminating all forms of discrimination ag ainst persons with disabilities. The reports shall indicate any circumstances or difficulties affecting the degree of fulfillment of the obligations arising from this Convention. 5. The Committee shall be the forum for assessment of progress made in the application of the Convention and for the exchange of experience among the states parties. The reports prepared by the committee shall reflect the deliberations; shall include information on any measures adopted by the states parties pursuant to this Convention, on any progress they have made in eliminating all forms of discrimination against persons with disabilities, and on any circumstances or difficulties they have encountered in the implementation of the Convention; and shall include the committees conclusions, its observations, and its general suggestions for the gradual fulfillment of the Convention. 6. The committee shall draft its rules of procedure and adopt them by a simple majority. 7. The Secretary General shall provide the Committee with the support it requires in order to perform its functions. ARTICLE VII No provision of this Convention shall be interpreted as restricting, or permitting the restriction by states parties of the enjoyment of the rights of persons with disabilities recognized by customary international law or the international instruments by which a particular state party is bound. ARTICLE VIII 1. This Convention shall be open for signature by all member states in Guatemala City, Guatemala, on June 8, 1999, and, thereafter, shall remain open for signature by all states at the headquarters of the Organization of American States, until its entry into force. 2. This Convention is subject to ratification. 3. This Convention shall enter into force for the ratifying states on the 30th day following the date of deposit of the sixth instrument of ratification by a member state of the Organization of American States. .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0 , .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0 .postImageUrl , .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0 , .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0:hover , .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0:visited , .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0:active { border:0!important; } .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0:active , .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0 .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2a5cd7c98f68c1f35a27322e5088fba0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Starwars Essay ARTICLE IX After its entry into force, this Convention shall be open for accession by all states that have not signed it. ARTICLE X 1. The instruments of ratification and accession shall be deposited with the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States. 2. For each state that ratifies or accedes to the Convention after the sixth instrument of ratification has been deposited, the Convention shall enter into force on the 30th day following deposit by that state of its instrument of ratification or accession. ARTICLE XI 1. Any state party may make proposals for amendment of this Convention. Said proposals shall be submitted to the General Secretariat of the OAS for dissemination to the states parties. 2. Amendments shall enter into force for the states ratifying them on the date of deposit of the respective instruments of ratification by two thirds of the member states. For the remaining states parties, they shall enter into force on the date of deposit of their respective instruments of ratification. ARTICLE XII The states may enter reservations to this Convention when ratifying or acceding to it, provided that such reservations are not incompatible with the aim and purpose of the Convention and relate to one or more specific provisions thereof. ARTICLE XIII This Convention shall remain in force indefinitely, but any state party may denounce it. The instrument of denunciation shall be deposited with the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States. The Convention shall cease to have force and effect for the denouncing state one year after the date of deposit of the instrument of denunciation, and shall remain in force for the other states parties. Such denunciation shall not exempt the state party from the obligations imposed upon it under this Convention in respect of any action or omission prior to the date on which the denunciation takes effect. ARTICLE XIV 1. The original instrument of this Convention, the English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish texts of which are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the General Secretariat of the Organization of American States, which shall send a certified copy thereof to the United Nations Secretariat for registration and publication pursuant to Article 102 of the United Nations Charter. 2. The General Secretariat of the Organization of American States shall notify the member states of that Organization and the states that have acceded to the Convention of the signatures, deposits of instruments of ratification, accession, and denunciation, and any reservations entered.

Assignment sandwich blitz free essay sample

1. How would creating a new position between the CEO and the location manager help the business to grow? i. Creating a new position between the CEO (Dalman Smith) and the location managers would help Sandwich Blitz, Inc. grow by freeing up the CEO’s time to focus on the expansion. Currently, Dalman is visiting locations and addressing issues that each shop’s manager has accumulated. If there was an area or regional manager assigned to these existing shops, this manager would be able to address these issues and visit each of the locations as needed. The regional manager could ultimately take over the training for new locations, as well. The CEO and CFO will be able to look for additional expansion opportunities and look into other strategic decisions such as whether patents or franchising makes sense. This would allow for additional growth of the company. 2. Is promoting an existing manager the best option to fill this position? If not, what is an alternative source to fill the position? i. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment sandwich blitz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Though promoting an existing manager would be beneficial due to the manager’s familiarity with the company, there are several risks that need to be considered. The habits and preferences, whether good or bad, that the particular shop had may be projected onto all of the other shops. You might have the area manager imposing as a rule what should be merely a preference for a particular sandwich shop. Also, the other managers could become jealous and be less inclined to request help or listen to instruction from someone that was recently considered a peer. An alternative is hiring an individual with regional management experience from the outside and having that individual work with each of the shops for at least a week to become familiar with them. I believe this is the best option. Perhaps Lei Lee, CFO, would have some connections from her days in the insurance industry to contact for potential regional managers. Sometimes hiring someone that you know well and have worked with before turns out to be a good fit. 3. Who within the company should make these decisions? i. The hiring of the regional manager should be done by both the CFO and the CEO, since both of them are owners and the regional manager will be answering to them. It is important that the philosophy and culture of the company be maintained by the new regional manager, so the owners definitely need to be selective and pour some time and energy into getting the best fit for this position. It would be acceptable to get input from location managers on their take of a potential regional manager, as it is important to keep them happy. The decision for regional manager, though, should remain with the CEO and CFO. The regional manager will be responsible for addressing issues at the various locations and making decisions that agree with the CEO and CFO’s philosophy. 4. List the levels of authority (management) that Sandwich Blitz, Inc. would have if the new position is created. i. The CEO and CFO are assisted by an accountant and regional manager. The location managers answer to and take issues to the regional manager. The location managers oversee the team supervisors for each location. The team supervisors oversee the team that operates the sandwich shop.